ASEM 文献综述
Official Canadian Paediatric Society document (2021) on “The use of oral opioids to control children’s pain in the post-codeine era”. Pain is a common problem for children, and pain management comprises both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures. For moderate to severe pain, oral opioids have been a popular choice for the last few decades. Codeine has historically been the best-known oral opioid for use in children. However, availability and use of codeine have sharply declined due to safety concerns. A variety of other opioids have been used.
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